LIBS Info: Element Analysis
| Title | Authors | Material | Detector | Spectrometer | Software |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulk analysis of steel samples with surface scale layers by enhanced laser ablation and LIBS analysis of C, P, S, Al, Cr, Cu, Mn and Mo | Volker Storm, Jens Vrenegor, Reinhard Noll, Michel Hemmerlin | Steel | Photomultiplier | Paschen-Runge Spectrometer | |
| Laser: | Nd:YAG Nonenm 600.0000mJ 10.000Hz |
||||
| Gate Delay: | Noneus | ||||
| Gate Width: | Noneus | ||||
| Analysis is performed by 2 lasers - the first puts out a single pulse, then second a double pulse with interpulse separation of 50us. Each pulse is 200mJ. Sample is covered in Ar glow, and path to spectrometer is in vacuum. The authors tried to calibration schemes - one with no pre-ablation of the sample surface and one with 1000 pulses. While in the calibration samples, the ablated calibration curves gave worse detection limits, when this was applied to the analysis samples the ablated samples gave significantly better results. | |||||
| Element | Detection Limit (ppm) | Wavelength (nm) | Other Wavelengths (nm) | Calibration Method | Calibration Range (ppm) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cr | 7.0000 (Stated) | 267.7000 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 15.0000-14800.0000 | No pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to Fe at 187nm |
| Al | 7.0000 (Stated) | 396.1520 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 5.0000-1100.0000 | Same result with and without pre-ablation. Peak ratioed to spectrometer 0th order. |
| C | 17.0000 (Stated) | 193.0910 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 10.0000-10000.0000 | No pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to Fe at 187nm |
| C | 9.0000 (Stated) | 193.0910 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 10.0000-10000.0000 | With pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to Fe at 187nm |
| Cu | 6.0000 (Stated) | 324.7540 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 5.0000-5100.0000 | No pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to Fe at 187nm |
| Cr | 27.0000 (Stated) | 267.7000 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 15.0000-14800.0000 | With pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to Fe at 187nm |
| Cu | 10.0000 (Stated) | 324.7540 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 5.0000-5100.0000 | With pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to Fe at 187nm |
| Mn | 4.0000 (Stated) | 293.3060 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 5.0000-15800.0000 | No pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to Fe at 271nm |
| Mn | 10.0000 (Stated) | 293.3060 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 5.0000-15800.0000 | With pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to Fe at 271nm |
| Mo | 3.0000 (Stated) | 281.6150 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 10.0000-1400.0000 | No pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to Fe at 187nm |
| Mo | 9.0000 (Stated) | 281.6150 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 10.0000-1400.0000 | With pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to Fe at 187nm |
| Ni | 31.0000 (Stated) | 225.3850 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 20.0000-19900.0000 | No pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to Fe at 187nm |
| Ni | 35.0000 (Stated) | 225.3850 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 20.0000-19900.0000 | With pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to Fe at 187nm |
| P | 4.0000 (Stated) | 178.2830 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 5.0000-600.0000 | No pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to spectrometer 0th order |
| P | 22.0000 (Stated) | 178.2830 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 5.0000-600.0000 | With pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to spectrometer 0th order |
| S | 9.0000 (Stated) | 180.7310 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 5.0000-600.0000 | No pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to spectrometer 0th order |
| S | 19.0000 (Stated) | 180.7310 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 5.0000-600.0000 | With pre-ablation of the sample surface. Peak ratioed to spectrometer 0th order |
| Element | RMSE (ppm) | Wavelength (nm) | Calibration Method | Notes |
|---|