LIBS Info: Element Analysis
| Title | Authors | Material | Detector | Spectrometer | Software |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liquid steel analysis with laser-induced breakdown spectrometry in the vacuum ultraviolet | Laszlo Peter, Volker Storm, Reinhard Noll | Steel | Photomultiplier | Paschen-Runge Spectrometer | |
| Laser: | Nd:YAG 1064.0000nm 125.0000mJ 10.000Hz |
||||
| Gate Delay: | Noneus | ||||
| Gate Width: | Noneus | ||||
| Analysis of molten steel using a specially constructed probe. The wavelengths of interest are in the vacuum UV, so the probe is evacuated to 0.1mbar. The laser beam is focussed onto the surface of the steel melt inside the tip of the probe/lance. The laser was also modified to emit up to 3 pulses with separations of 25us and 42us respectively. Similarly each detector has 3 integration gates with 12us width. While the details of the detection system are not fully described, it does utilise a Paschen-Runge spectrometer configuration with photomultipliers at slits at key wavelengths in the spectrometer. | |||||
| Element | Detection Limit (ppm) | Wavelength (nm) | Other Wavelengths (nm) | Calibration Method | Calibration Range (ppm) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S | 11.0000 (Stated) | 180.7300 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 50.0000-1100.0000 | Ratioed to Fe at 187.75nm |
| C | 5.0000 (Stated) | 193.0900 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 70.0000-300.0000 | Peak normalised to Fe 187.75nm |
| P | 21.0000 (Stated) | 178.2800 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 60.0000-890.0000 | Ratioed to Fe at 187.75nm |
| Ni | 9.0000 (Stated) | 231.6000 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 310.0000-1500.0000 | Ratioed to Fe at 187.75nm |
| Cr | 9.0000 (Stated) | 267.7200 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | 90.0000-900.0000 | Ratioed to Fe at 187.75nm |
| Element | RMSE (ppm) | Wavelength (nm) | Calibration Method | Notes |
|---|