LIBS Info: Element Analysis

Title Authors Material Detector Spectrometer Software
Analysis of liquid petroleum using a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument Chunyi Liu, Xianglei Mao, Sudeep J. Pandey, Alexander A. Bol'shakov Liquids ICCD Applied Spectra J200 Clarity
Laser: Nd:YAG
1064.0000nm
90.0000mJ
10.000Hz
Gate Delay: Noneus
Gate Width: Noneus
The Authors demonstrate a method for the analysis of liquids, particularly oils, for their organic and inorganic constituents using a nebuliser. In the paper, the H/C ratio in various organic liquids is predicted with accuracy using LIBS spectra and PLSR. In addition, the detection limits for a broad range of contaminants in oil are present, which compare well with the requirements of ASTM D5185. Reproducibility of measurements, as well as some unexplained (possibly carbon) peaks at 214.85/219.0/235.36nm are discussed.
Element Detection Limit (ppm) Wavelength (nm) Other Wavelengths (nm) Calibration Method Calibration Range (ppm) Notes
S 7000.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate -10.0000--10.0000 Direct analysis of oil sample (in He atmosphere), which was sufficiently viscous to be treated as a solid
Cl 250.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate -10.0000--10.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Helium LOD: 5000ppm for Nebulised Aqueous solution in He
Zn 0.2000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate -10.0000--10.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.31ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 6.2ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon LOD:0.6ppm for nebulised Oil Solution (including PremiSolv) in Nitrogen
V 0.2700 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-100.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.6ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon
Ti 0.1700 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-300.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:0.24ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen
Sn 2.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-500.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:3.2ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen
Sr 0.4400 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate -10.0000--10.0000 Nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon
Na 0.2000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-300.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.36ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 1.6ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon
Ag 0.2000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-300.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.37ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon
Si 0.6000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-500.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:0.8ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen
K 0.4000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-300.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:1.6ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD: 11ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon
P 8.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate -10.0000--10.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon
Ni 1.4000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-300.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:1.4ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen
Hg 10.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate -10.0000--10.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon
Mn 0.3900 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate -10.0000--10.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 2.7ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon
Mg 0.0100 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-100.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution (including PremiSolv) in Nitrogen LOD:0.03ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 0.16ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon LOD:0.02ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen
Li 0.0100 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-100.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.04ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 0.2ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon
Pb 7.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-300.0000 7ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 10ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD: 40ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon
Fe 0.5200 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-300.0000 Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD: 1.8ppm diluted with PremiSolv in Nitrogen LOD: 14ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon LOD: 0.94ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon
Cu 0.0400 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-300.0000 Solution, diluted with PremiSolv in Nitrogen LOD: 6.0ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon LOD: 0.10ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 0.11ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen
Co 8.8000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate -10.0000--10.0000 Aqueous solution in Argon
Cr 0.5000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-300.0000 Nebulised oil in Nitrogen LOD: 0.6ppm for nebulised Oil in Argon LOD: 5.8ppm for nebulised Aqueous in Argon
Ca 0.4000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate -10.0000--10.0000 Aqueous Solution in Ar LOD: 1.7ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon
B 0.4400 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate -10.0000--10.0000 Nebulised oil in Argon
Ba 1.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate -10.0000--10.0000 Nebulised oil in Argon LOD: 1.5ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon
Al 0.4700 (Calibration Curve Slope) -10.0000 N/A Univariate 0.0000-500.0000 Nebulised oil in Argon LOD: 0.49ppm for nebulised oil Solution in Nitrogen


Element RMSE (ppm) Wavelength (nm) Calibration Method Notes
Ni 10.8538 ppm -10.0000 None . . . Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?) Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?) Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?). Normalised . .
Fe 6.2954 ppm -10.0000 None Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?). Normalised .
V 33.8692 ppm -10.0000 Univariate . . . Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?)