LIBS Info: Element Analysis
Title | Authors | Material | Detector | Spectrometer | Software |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Analysis of liquid petroleum using a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument | Chunyi Liu, Xianglei Mao, Sudeep J. Pandey, Alexander A. Bol'shakov | Liquids | ICCD | Applied Spectra J200 | Clarity |
Laser: | Nd:YAG 1064.0000nm 90.0000mJ 10.000Hz |
||||
Gate Delay: | Noneus | ||||
Gate Width: | Noneus | ||||
The Authors demonstrate a method for the analysis of liquids, particularly oils, for their organic and inorganic constituents using a nebuliser. In the paper, the H/C ratio in various organic liquids is predicted with accuracy using LIBS spectra and PLSR. In addition, the detection limits for a broad range of contaminants in oil are present, which compare well with the requirements of ASTM D5185. Reproducibility of measurements, as well as some unexplained (possibly carbon) peaks at 214.85/219.0/235.36nm are discussed. |
Element | Detection Limit (ppm) | Wavelength (nm) | Other Wavelengths (nm) | Calibration Method | Calibration Range (ppm) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S | 7000.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Direct analysis of oil sample (in He atmosphere), which was sufficiently viscous to be treated as a solid |
Cl | 250.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Helium LOD: 5000ppm for Nebulised Aqueous solution in He |
Zn | 0.2000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.31ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 6.2ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon LOD:0.6ppm for nebulised Oil Solution (including PremiSolv) in Nitrogen |
V | 0.2700 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-100.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.6ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon |
Ti | 0.1700 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:0.24ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen |
Sn | 2.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-500.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:3.2ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen |
Sr | 0.4400 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
Na | 0.2000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.36ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 1.6ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
Ag | 0.2000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.37ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon |
Si | 0.6000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-500.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:0.8ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen |
K | 0.4000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:1.6ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD: 11ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
P | 8.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon |
Ni | 1.4000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:1.4ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen |
Hg | 10.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon |
Mn | 0.3900 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 2.7ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
Mg | 0.0100 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-100.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution (including PremiSolv) in Nitrogen LOD:0.03ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 0.16ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon LOD:0.02ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen |
Li | 0.0100 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-100.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.04ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 0.2ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
Pb | 7.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | 7ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 10ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD: 40ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
Fe | 0.5200 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD: 1.8ppm diluted with PremiSolv in Nitrogen LOD: 14ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon LOD: 0.94ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon |
Cu | 0.0400 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Solution, diluted with PremiSolv in Nitrogen LOD: 6.0ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon LOD: 0.10ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 0.11ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen |
Co | 8.8000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Aqueous solution in Argon |
Cr | 0.5000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Nebulised oil in Nitrogen LOD: 0.6ppm for nebulised Oil in Argon LOD: 5.8ppm for nebulised Aqueous in Argon |
Ca | 0.4000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Aqueous Solution in Ar LOD: 1.7ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
B | 0.4400 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised oil in Argon |
Ba | 1.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised oil in Argon LOD: 1.5ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
Al | 0.4700 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-500.0000 | Nebulised oil in Argon LOD: 0.49ppm for nebulised oil Solution in Nitrogen |
Element | RMSE (ppm) | Wavelength (nm) | Calibration Method | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ni | 10.8538 ppm | -10.0000 | None | . . . Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?) Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?) Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?). Normalised . . |
Fe | 6.2954 ppm | -10.0000 | None | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?). Normalised . |
V | 33.8692 ppm | -10.0000 | Univariate | . . . Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?) |