LIBS Info: Element Analysis
| Title | Authors | Material | Detector | Spectrometer | Software |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of liquid petroleum using a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument | Chunyi Liu, Xianglei Mao, Sudeep J. Pandey, Alexander A. Bol'shakov | Liquids | ICCD | Applied Spectra J200 | Clarity |
| Laser: | Nd:YAG 1064.0000nm 90.0000mJ 10.000Hz |
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| Gate Delay: | Noneus | ||||
| Gate Width: | Noneus | ||||
| The Authors demonstrate a method for the analysis of liquids, particularly oils, for their organic and inorganic constituents using a nebuliser. In the paper, the H/C ratio in various organic liquids is predicted with accuracy using LIBS spectra and PLSR. In addition, the detection limits for a broad range of contaminants in oil are present, which compare well with the requirements of ASTM D5185. Reproducibility of measurements, as well as some unexplained (possibly carbon) peaks at 214.85/219.0/235.36nm are discussed. | |||||
| Element | Detection Limit (ppm) | Wavelength (nm) | Other Wavelengths (nm) | Calibration Method | Calibration Range (ppm) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S | 7000.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Direct analysis of oil sample (in He atmosphere), which was sufficiently viscous to be treated as a solid |
| Cl | 250.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Helium LOD: 5000ppm for Nebulised Aqueous solution in He |
| Zn | 0.2000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.31ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 6.2ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon LOD:0.6ppm for nebulised Oil Solution (including PremiSolv) in Nitrogen |
| V | 0.2700 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-100.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.6ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon |
| Ti | 0.1700 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:0.24ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen |
| Sn | 2.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-500.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:3.2ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen |
| Sr | 0.4400 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
| Na | 0.2000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.36ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 1.6ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
| Ag | 0.2000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.37ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon |
| Si | 0.6000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-500.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:0.8ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen |
| K | 0.4000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:1.6ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD: 11ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
| P | 8.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon |
| Ni | 1.4000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD:1.4ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen |
| Hg | 10.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon |
| Mn | 0.3900 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 2.7ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
| Mg | 0.0100 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-100.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution (including PremiSolv) in Nitrogen LOD:0.03ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 0.16ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon LOD:0.02ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen |
| Li | 0.0100 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-100.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD:0.04ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 0.2ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
| Pb | 7.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | 7ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 10ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD: 40ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
| Fe | 0.5200 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen LOD: 1.8ppm diluted with PremiSolv in Nitrogen LOD: 14ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon LOD: 0.94ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon |
| Cu | 0.0400 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Solution, diluted with PremiSolv in Nitrogen LOD: 6.0ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon LOD: 0.10ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Argon LOD: 0.11ppm for nebulised Oil Solution in Nitrogen |
| Co | 8.8000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Aqueous solution in Argon |
| Cr | 0.5000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-300.0000 | Nebulised oil in Nitrogen LOD: 0.6ppm for nebulised Oil in Argon LOD: 5.8ppm for nebulised Aqueous in Argon |
| Ca | 0.4000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Aqueous Solution in Ar LOD: 1.7ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
| B | 0.4400 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised oil in Argon |
| Ba | 1.0000 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | -10.0000--10.0000 | Nebulised oil in Argon LOD: 1.5ppm for nebulised Aqueous Solution in Argon |
| Al | 0.4700 (Calibration Curve Slope) | -10.0000 | N/A | Univariate | 0.0000-500.0000 | Nebulised oil in Argon LOD: 0.49ppm for nebulised oil Solution in Nitrogen |
| Element | RMSE (ppm) | Wavelength (nm) | Calibration Method | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ni | 10.8538 ppm | -10.0000 | None | . . . Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?) Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?) Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?). Normalised . . |
| Fe | 6.2954 ppm | -10.0000 | None | Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?). Normalised . |
| V | 33.8692 ppm | -10.0000 | Univariate | . . . Nebulised Oil Solution in Argon(?) |