LIBS Info: Element Analysis
| Title | Authors | Material | Detector | Spectrometer | Software |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of a compact spectrograph for in-situ and stand-off Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy analyses of geological samples on Mars missions | Beatrice Salle, David A. Cremers, Sylvestre Maurice, Roger C. Wiens, Pascal Fichet | Soil | Ocean Optics HR2000 | Ocean Optics HR2000 | |
| Laser: | Nd:YAG 1064.0000nm 40.0000mJ 10.000Hz |
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| Gate Delay: | Noneus | ||||
| Gate Width: | Noneus | ||||
| The key aspect of this work was the evaluation of spectrometers for analysis on Mars (where the atmosphere is 7 torr CO2). The low pressure atmosphere does reduce the background continuum significantly compared to atmospheric pressure measurements. Three configurations were tried - 2 in-situ analysis schemes (lens to sample 15cm), and a standoff scheme (lens to sample 5.3m). Spectrometer gating was not used, instead the spectrometer was triggered before the first last pulse. Three different HR2000 units were used to cover the spectral range of interest. These results were compared with using a commercial LIBS spectrometer (here) Samples for detection limit calculations were made by pressing the material into 32mm sample cups and pressing to 20tons. | |||||
| Element | Detection Limit (ppm) | Wavelength (nm) | Other Wavelengths (nm) | Calibration Method | Calibration Range (ppm) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al | 57000.0000 (Stated) | 396.1400 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | In situ measurement |
| Al | 24000.0000 (Stated) | 396.1400 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Stand off analysis result. |
| Ba | 170.0000 (Stated) | 455.3900 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | In-situ analysis. RSD 25% |
| Ba | 70.0000 (Stated) | 455.3900 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Stand off LIBS analysis. RSD 20% |
| Ca | 2200.0000 (Stated) | 393.3600 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | In-Situ LIBS analysis. RS 20% |
| Ca | 1100.0000 (Stated) | 393.3600 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Stand-off LIBS analysis. RSD 7% |
| Fe | 75000.0000 (Stated) | 404.5800 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | In-Situ LIBS analysis. RSD 25% |
| Fe | 30000.0000 (Stated) | 404.5800 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Stand-Off LIBS analysis. RSD 17% |
| K | 3800.0000 (Stated) | 766.4900 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | In-Situ LIBS analysis. RSD 37% |
| K | 2000.0000 (Stated) | 766.4900 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Standoff LIBS analysis. RSD 13% |
| Li | 20.0000 (Stated) | 670.7800 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | In-Situ LIBS measurement. RSD 44% |
| Li | 10.0000 (Stated) | 670.7800 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Standoff LIBS analysis. RSD 40% |
| Mg | 450.0000 (Stated) | 280.2700 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | In-situ LIBS measurement. RSD 22% |
| Mg | 190.0000 (Stated) | 280.2700 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Standoff LIBS analysis. RSD 5% |
| Mn | 450.0000 (Stated) | 403.0800 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | In-Situ LIBS Analysis. RSD 27% |
| Mn | 300.0000 (Stated) | 403.0800 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Standoff LIBS Analysis. RSD 20% |
| Na | 600.0000 (Stated) | 588.9700 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | In-Situ LIBS analysis. RSD 35% |
| Na | 440.0000 (Stated) | 588.9700 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Standoff LIBS Analysis. RSD 25% |
| Si | 450000.0000 (Stated) | 288.1800 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | In-Situ LIBS analysis. RSD 23% |
| Si | 90000.0000 (Stated) | 288.1800 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Standoff LIBS analysis. RSD 6% |
| Sr | 40.0000 (Stated) | 407.7800 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | In-situ LIBS analysis. RSD 29% |
| Sr | 30.0000 (Stated) | 407.7800 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Standoff LIBS analysis. RSD 30% |
| Ti | 4800.0000 (Stated) | 398.9200 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | In-Situ LIBS analysis. RSD 44% |
| Ti | 1000.0000 (Stated) | 398.9200 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Standoff LIBS analysis. |
| Element | RMSE (ppm) | Wavelength (nm) | Calibration Method | Notes |
|---|