LIBS Info: Element Analysis

Title	Authors	Material	Detector	Spectrometer	Software
Quantification of Rare Earth Elements using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy	Nicolas Andre, Ann Wymore, Deanne J. Brice, Steve Allman, Rodger C. Martin, Madhavi Z. Martin	Lathanides	Andor ICCD	Catalina SE 200	Unscrambler
Laser:	Nd:YAG 532.0000nm 45.0000mJ 10.000Hz
Gate Delay:	1.000us
Gate Width:	10.000us
Pellets of key Rare Earth Elements (Eu, Gd, La, Nd, Pr, Sm Y) are formed from powders mixed into graphite and formed into pellets (with PVA solution included into the mix to improve mechanical performance of the pellets). High concentrations, up to 50% were used to determine wavelengths that were useful across high concentration ranges. In a novel improvement to the measurement, the authors use a 650nm displacement laser to ensure optimal focusing conditions. Argon atmosphere also improved the performance. To test the method, the spectra from a pellet containing all 7 Rare earth elements was obtained. Elements were discernible, but it was concluded univariate calibrations for each element was impractical, instead a PLS model was used.

Element	Detection Limit (ppm)	Wavelength (nm)	Other Wavelengths (nm)	Calibration Method	Calibration Range (ppm)	Notes

Element	RMSE (ppm)	Wavelength (nm)	Calibration Method	Notes
Y	6.7500 %	-10.0000	PLS	Validation
Y	2.8800 %	-10.0000	PLS	Calibration
Sm	12.2500 %	-10.0000	PLS	Validation
Sm	6.3000 %	-10.0000	PLS	Calibration
Pr	12.1600 %	-10.0000	PLS	Validation
Pr	3.1400 %	-10.0000	PLS	Calibration
Nd	6.0400 %	-10.0000	PLS	Validation
Nd	4.2700 %	-10.0000	PLS	Calibration
La	10.0600 %	-10.0000	PLS	Validation
La	5.1700 %	-10.0000	PLS	Calibration
Gd	10.4000 %	-10.0000	PLS	Validation
Gd	7.4300 %	-10.0000	PLS	Calibration
Eu	8.0900 %	-10.0000	PLS	Validation.
Eu	5.7300 %	-10.0000	PLS	Calibration. Concentration range 1-50%