LIBS Info: Element Analysis
| Title | Authors | Material | Detector | Spectrometer | Software |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of heavy metals in soils using laser-induced breakdown spectrometry combined with laser-induced fluorescence | Frank Hilbk-Kortenbruck, Reinhard Noll, Peter Wintjens, Heinz Falk, Christoph Becker | Soil | Photomultiplier | Spectrolab M | |
| Laser: | Nd:YAG 1064.0000nm 450.0000mJ 10.000Hz |
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| Gate Delay: | 1.000us | ||||
| Gate Width: | 20.000us | ||||
| Use a commercial Paschen-Runge spectrometer with dedicated photomultipliers for each wavelength of interest. Calibration samples prepared by spiking a standard soil with different metal salts. This was then dried, ground and pressed (with wax binder) into pellets. In addition, Laser Induced Fluorescence of the LIBS plasma produced significantly lower detection limits (0.3ppm for Cd and 0.5ppm for Tl) | |||||
| Element | Detection Limit (ppm) | Wavelength (nm) | Other Wavelengths (nm) | Calibration Method | Calibration Range (ppm) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As | 3.3000 (Stated) | 235.0000 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Experiment conducted in Ar atmosphere. No normalisation/ratioing used as the same soil was the base for all samples, with the only difference being the metal salt spiking to produce the required concentration |
| Cd | 6.0000 (Stated) | 228.8000 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Experiment conducted in Ar atmosphere. No normalisation/ratioing used as the same soil was the base for all samples, with the only difference being the metal salt spiking to produce the required concentration. Using LIF on the LIBS plasma realised a detection limit of 0.3ppm |
| Cr | 2.5000 (Stated) | 425.4000 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Experiment conducted in Ar atmosphere. No normalisation/ratioing used as the same soil was the base for all samples, with the only difference being the metal salt spiking to produce the required concentration |
| Cu | 3.3000 (Stated) | 324.8000 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Experiment conducted in Ar atmosphere. No normalisation/ratioing used as the same soil was the base for all samples, with the only difference being the metal salt spiking to produce the required concentration |
| Hg | 84.0000 (Stated) | 253.7000 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Experiment conducted in Ar atmosphere. No normalisation/ratioing used as the same soil was the base for all samples, with the only difference being the metal salt spiking to produce the required concentration. |
| Ni | 6.8000 (Stated) | 231.6000 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Experiment conducted in Ar atmosphere. No normalisation/ratioing used as the same soil was the base for all samples, with the only difference being the metal salt spiking to produce the required concentration |
| Pb | 17.0000 (Stated) | 405.8000 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Experiment conducted in Ar atmosphere. No normalisation/ratioing used as the same soil was the base for all samples, with the only difference being the metal salt spiking to produce the required concentration |
| Tl | 48.0000 (Stated) | 351.9000 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Experiment conducted in Ar atmosphere. No normalisation/ratioing used as the same soil was the base for all samples, with the only difference being the metal salt spiking to produce the required concentration. Using LIF on the LIBS plasma resulted in a LOD of 0.5ppm |
| Zn | 98.0000 (Stated) | 334.5000 | N/A | Univariate Calibration | -10.0000--10.0000 | Experiment conducted in Ar atmosphere. No normalisation/ratioing used as the same soil was the base for all samples, with the only difference being the metal salt spiking to produce the required concentration |
| Element | RMSE (ppm) | Wavelength (nm) | Calibration Method | Notes |
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