LIBS Info: Element Analysis
| Title | Authors | Material | Detector | Spectrometer | Software |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multi-element and mineralogical analysis of mineral ores using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometric analysis | D.L. Death, A.P. Cunningham, L.J. Pollard | Geological | SPEX 1877C | Princeton Instruments OMA | MATLAB |
| Laser: | XeCl 308.0000nm NonemJ NoneHz |
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| Gate Delay: | 0.500us | ||||
| Gate Width: | 2.000us | ||||
| A range of geological samples from Australia and Africa are analysed used chemometric techniques (primarily PCA and PCR). The Australian iron ore samples are analysed as chips (up to 15mm) placed on a rotating petri dish (leading to analysis height difference of 5-6mm). Other samples (African and Nickel laterite bore) were ring milled and pressed into pellets. Repeat samples were also run to validate calibration stability/reproducibility. PCR results for Australian Iron Ore were robust and required only a fairly narrow wavelength band (<50nm). This implies that relatively simple field instrumentation could be developed for this application. | |||||
| Element | Detection Limit (ppm) | Wavelength (nm) | Other Wavelengths (nm) | Calibration Method | Calibration Range (ppm) | Notes |
|---|
| Element | RMSE (ppm) | Wavelength (nm) | Calibration Method | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fe | 0.6800 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | Analysis on up to 15mm chips in petrie dish [leading to up to 5mm variation to sample height] |
| Al | 0.1500 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | Analysis on up to 15mm chips in petrie dish [leading to up to 5mm variation to sample height] |
| Si | 0.4500 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | Analysis on up to 15mm chips in petrie dish [leading to up to 5mm variation to sample height] |
| Mn | 0.0320 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | Analysis on up to 15mm chips in petrie dish [leading to up to 5mm variation to sample height] |
| K | 0.0040 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | Analysis on up to 15mm chips in petrie dish [leading to up to 5mm variation to sample height] |
| P | 0.0040 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | Analysis on up to 15mm chips in petrie dish [leading to up to 5mm variation to sample height] |
| P | 0.0400 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | Analysis of powdered samples from West Africa. |
| Fe | 1.7100 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | Analysis of powdered samples from West Africa. |
| Al | 0.0800 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | Analysis of powdered samples from West Africa. |
| Al | 0.5400 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | (Australian) Nickel Laterite ore. Note these are the results for 10 PCR. |
| Si | 1.2000 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | (Australian) Nickel Laterite sample. Note this is the result using 10 PCR factors. Results for 3 PCR factors [RMSE=4.6%] and 6 PCR factors [RMSE=3.0%]. |
| Ni | 0.0700 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | (Australian) Nickel Laterite sample. Note this is the result using 10 PCR factors. Results for 3 PCR factors [RMSE=0.15%] and 6 PCR factors [RMSE=0.14%]. |
| Ti | 0.0100 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | (Australian) Nickel Laterite sample. Note this is the result using 10 PCR factors. Results for 3 PCR factors [RMSE=0.04%] and 6 PCR factors [RMSE=0.02%]. |
| Cl | 0.1600 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | (Australian) Nickel Laterite sample. Note this is the result using 10 PCR factors. |
| Co | 0.0400 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | (Australian) Nickel Laterite sample. Note this is the result using 10 PCR factors. |
| Cr | 0.1700 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | (Australian) Nickel Laterite sample. Note this is the result using 10 PCR factors. |
| Fe | 2.4100 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | (Australian) Nickel Laterite sample. Note this is the result using 10 PCR factors. |
| Mg | 0.5100 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | (Australian) Nickel Laterite sample. Note this is the result using 10 PCR factors. |
| Mn | 0.1900 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | (Australian) Nickel Laterite sample. Note this is the result using 10 PCR factors. |
| Na | 0.1300 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | (Australian) Nickel Laterite sample. Note this is the result using 10 PCR factors. |
| S | 0.0200 % | -10.0000 | Chemometric (PCR) | (Australian) Nickel Laterite sample. Note this is the result using 10 PCR factors. |